Constructability And The Safe Design Principles Construction Essay

Construct powerfulness And The Safe Design linguistic rules Construction EssayConstructability Safe Design Principles serves as a prelude act upon to give up Parsons Engineers, and the Construction Management Engineers an easy methodology to localise constructability issues impales that argon likely to arise in the erection process and provide tenable introduction features to preclude potentiality peril in the plan phase of the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure. The process provides practical information to Parsons Design Engineers to swear break through with(predicate) them in identifying constructability issues incidents of equipment and systems used in the turn of events of the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure. It offers practical principles that can be applied to program line additional constructability issues hazards found on the building site, in structural components, and from materials, processes, and procedures employed during reflexion and maint enance. This process is for developing the skills of Parsons Engineers to ascendancy many kinds of constructability issues hazards at the time of objective or before ca-ca begins on site to carry out optimal constructability and gumshoe throughout the gimmick process and the life cycle of the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure.International studies study concluded that approximately sixty (60%) percent of both fatal accidents in social organisation arise from faulty design or insufficient planning. While the give percentage remains the subject of debate and discussion, a number of this magnitude challenges those who manage the process of design to save lives and money simply by diligence of improved applied science practices. Such perspective should be a revelation to Parsons Engineers who atomic number 18 accustomed to view the majority of accidents in the construction industry as attributable to the routine chaos of the construction site. To do so would strain much on prevention than ever before. The objective of this process is to develop and/or expand engineering principles of constructability goodr design for construction and the life cycle of the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure. To get through this task we shall draw from four pioneering glide slopees to constructability safer design. These ne ars which form the rump of modern system sentry duty engineering principles are the followingEliminate the hazard if possible, orProvide guarding to prevent contact with the hazard, andProvide safety factors to play down the hazard, andProvide pleonasm to confine the hazard.All four applications necessarily involve highly focused Parsons Engineers. Though these principles substantiate been extended, there is still no methodology to simplify these principles and incorporate them into a simple methodology.Start of the process develops methodology for identifying constructability issues hazards then matching the issue or hazard wit h design features and/or safety appliances for the prevention of the hazard. This will cozy up the role of the Parsons Engineer as a designer. When the Parsons Engineer places emphasis on constructability hazard prevention by designing out the hazards inherent to construction processes, products, or facilities, the circumstances that produce construction interferences injuries will be drastically downd.The second section provides the Parsons Engineer with a system for identifying hazards with an acumen into the nature of hazards and guidance that categorizes the hazards into manageable groups. precise identification of the different types of hazards in the design stage streamlines the hazard elimination process by providing guidelines to determine full widely distributed control measures. This process will provide Parsons Engineers with easy principles of system safety adaptable to design and constructability that look into for the elimination and control of hazards. Then i t will provide a method to quantify the ability of design improvements to prevent suffering, death, and damage in terms of reliability.For instance, before a construction project even begins, the construction manager faces the potential constructability issues and hazards of faulty design by the architect, defective design of the equipment that essential be used, and hazards within the construction site or property. To successfully control constructability issues and hazards during the project, these obstacles and hazards must be place and addressed during design and planning stages. This process distills system safety methodology into five principles that focus on hazard identification, isolation, and control through constructability, innovative technology and applied science. A design matrix provides a check sheet to ensure potential loss exposures have been identified and controlled before the design has left the drafting room. Practical application of this method eliminates or controls potential constructability issues and hazards.In a world of exponential increases in technology, Parsons Engineers have new and exciting options available to them. Parsons Engineers who can think outside the box will find many opportunities to re-engineer products using new materials and informational devices in a panache that produces a constructible and safer product or process.Constructability synthetic rubber In-Design Compliance Procedure engine room Department Procedure Constructability Safety In-Design Compliance ProgramParsons Constructability Safety-in-Design (CSID) program is an ongoing execution and confirmation bowel movement relating to a projects safety requirements. Parsons CSID approach evaluates and resolves hazard analysis relating to the mitigation of personnel and public hazards in a facilitys construction and operation, adherence to grave requirements, and beneficial safe design practices.The Parsons CSID process begins with implementing the Constructability Safety-In-Design Compliance Procedure and supported by the Parsons Constructability Safety In Design Process Guide. The Parsons comprehensive Constructability Design for Safety Training Process ensures the project staff fully understands the CSID processes and continually works to ensure complete implementation.The CSID appraise committee will be tasked with completing the Constructability reviews. The Parsons Constructability review is a review of the plans and specifications to check for build ability and bid ability. When reviewing for build ability, Parsons checks for the completeness of the drawings. This accepts a cross-check between the various disciplines (electrical, automatic, architectural, structural, plumbing, civil, and landscaping, etc.) to coordinate pipeline sizes locations, power capacities, pathway and bridge layout and sizing, and other major components that are essential to build the floor. Additionally, there may be dimensional errors in calculating radius building plots that stir structural steel, site concrete, light bollards, and landscape. Critical dimensions are reviewed to prevent building delays, bidding errors and to ensure the complete project is capable of being under indite for insurability. When checking for bid ability, Parsons Constructability Review Team performs an extensive review of occurrences, notes, sections, elevations, site plans and specifications. As in any contract, the best contract is without ambiguity, error, conflict, and leaves little to interpretation. This review crosschecks the use of detail references and confirms consistent use of building finishes to specifications and other plan details. The work product of the review is a list of comments and a marked-up set of the plans and specifications to be reviewed by the project stake holders. The list of comments is created using the Parsons Constructability Assessment Register so the list can be modified and prioritized by other team members. (It alike serves as a checklist to confirm the incorporation of the comments to the documents before going to bid.)A standard procedure to mark-up the drawings with changes is established. For example, green pen will be used to highlight question areas, orange pen will be used if the question is answered as the review continues, blue pen will be used to lay down corrections, and yellow pen to verify the information was input into the Constructability Assessment Register. Using this standard mark-up policy, the constructability team can clearly show all stake holders the process of how each comment was generated. Additionally, the incorporation of a change is easier to compare the marked-up sheet to the existing design.After the plans and specifications have been marked-up, each comment will be input into the Parsons Initial Hazard Evaluation Register. The process of inputting the information is not just now a clerical process, but also a final commotion of the plan s and specifications. Often additional comments are generated or questions are answered. Once the comments are inputted, the Parsons Constructability Review Team will prepare a narrative explaining the format of the comments and the general outcome of the review. The constructability report (the narratives and comments) will be forwarded to the stakeholders and a meeting accountd to review the comments.The opportunities to create safer workplaces are most cost effective when captured in the soonest phases of the lifecycle of designed products or processes. The most effective risk control measure eliminating the hazard is often cheaper and more practical to achieve at the design or planning stage, rather than making changes later in the lifecycle when the hazards become real risks to clients, users, employees and businesses. The constructability review will ensure the completed project is insurable, reduce bidders questions, increase the likeliness of competitive bids, reduce RF Is, and change orders and delays during the bid and construction process. It is much easier and less costly to make the changes to the plans and specifications prior to bid, rather than during construction.A constructible safe design approach results in many benefits, includingPrevention of injury and disease,Improved use ability of products, systems and facilities,Improved productivity reduced costs,Better prediction and management of production and practicable costs over the lifecycle of a product,Compliance with legislation,Innovation, in that constructible safe design demands new thinkingReducing over all projectIncrease construction practicality,Eliminates errors and ensures project schedule completion in a timely mannerProvides the owner and all stakeholders to have the opportunity to ensure the design is fully unexceptionable to their standards and expectationsAddress the life cycle environmental impacts and improves the over all preservation of resourcesReduces the life cy cle expenses associated with operations and maintenanceThe lifecycle of a product is a notice concept of sustainable and constructible safe design that provides a framework for eliminating the hazards and improving the constructability at the design stage and/or controlling the risk as the infrastructure is constructed, installed, commissioned, used or operated, maintained, unsexed, modified, de-commissioned, demolished and/or dismantled, and disposed of or recycled.The Parsons CSID is a woodpecker to assist designers, engineers, constructors, clients and other key stakeholders to come together to reduce construction, maintenance, repair and demolition safety risks associated with design. Parsons CSID recognizes that a design involves key considerations such as operability, aesthetics and economics with the elements of safety. It also acknowledges that a design process may be determined by many different stakeholders and/or influences. The CSID methodology aims to involve these e lements and influences. By proactively considering construction, maintenance, repair and demolition issues, the CSID framework should not only help reduce the number of construction industry incidents, but also assist in improving constructability and reducing the life cycle costs associated with building the infrastructure design project.There is a balance of responsibilities between a designer, a constructor and other relevant stakeholders, such as clients or specialist consultants. It is important that all participants highlight unusual safety risks associated with a design and required construction.As outlined in the Parsons CSID process all those involved shouldidentify the hazards presented by potential design solutions and consider the risks these hazards will generate for construction workers and others who may be affected by the construction work (e.g. members of the public)include health and safety considerations amongst the design options so that they can avoid the hazard s, reduce their impact or introduce control measures to protect those at risk where it is re a s o n a b l y practicableforewarn the contractor of the residual hazards that have been identified within the design and will aim to be managed during the construction work. Eliminating the hazard is the first risk control that should obviously be considered. If the hazard cannot be eliminated (for example eliminating risks associated with maintenance by using aluminium/stainless steel, which requires no regular painting), risk can be minimized by using a series of steps known as the power structure of risk control. Includingsubstituting the system of work or plant with something safer (e.g. pre-assembled equipment at ground level rather than height)modifying the system of work or plant to make it safer (e.g. ensure attachment points for lifting, window cleaning, safety lines, etc.)isolating the hazard (e.g. introduce restricted areas)introducing engineering controls (e.g. prevent falls from buildings during construction/maintenance by change magnitude wall/edge height).Only when the above constructible and risk control options have been exhausted should consideration (and more importantly reliance) be given to personal protective(p) equipment (e.g. safety harnesses) or adopting administrative controls such as hazard warning signs. Design is the process of considering options. In developing and disposition these options, there is also the ability to improve safety and reduce costs. For example, the costs associated with assembling large scale scaffolding may far exceed the costs associated with alternate design and/or construction materials. Similarly, an emphasis placed on achieving a design that would be safe and efficient to erect, rather than the traditional approach of minimizing steel tonnage, did result in lower project costs. Essentially, given the opportunity to consider the design in a formal and systematic way, a smarter design results and a smarter d esign eer leads to a safer design.The following subjects are included in this programPersonnel life safetySafe facility startupSafe facility endingas such safe designs morphological integrity (e.g., seismic, wind, safe alloying, equipment support, etc.)Considerations for operating a facility safelyParsons defines project safety requirements as internal or impertinent (Employer) specification, government code, manual, policy, standard, and safe practice that pertains to providing safe and healthful facilities for personnel.The stock Industry Codes and Standards (or publishers of basic codes and standards), which pertain to safe design practices, will be utilized by the Parsons Design team. The project design team will also include requirements of the Development project objectives and goals, the requirements of Dubai Municipality and its agencies, and other specific Employer requirements or best practices.The Project theatre director and Design managing director will be respon sible for coordinating and confirming the special constructability and safety requirements for the design elements for the project work. The Project Manager and Design Manager together with the QA/QC manager will verify the appropriate reviews have been performed related to Constructability Safety In Design. The Design Manager will be responsible for establishing the Employer requirements checklists, which include safety-related industry codes/and standards and local/city code requirements. The Design Manager will also direct and coordinate the work of engineers and designers assigned to the project accomplish the Constructability Safety In Design objectives and requirements.PurposeThis procedure describes Engineering Department policy for application of the Constructability Safety-In-Design (CSID) Compliance Program. Engineering/design practices and principles contained in this document are intended generally to be applied to all types of facilities during each projects planning and design phase.Constructible Safe design practices rely on the correct use of flow rate basic code requirements, existing design standards, client requirements, and any other known safety considerations that assist in safeguarding against shaky conditions and help manage unsafe materials and hazardous acts causing illness or bodily harm to workers. Enhances building information modeling and enables design success related to sustainability, security, design-build, risk management, hazard mitigation, insurability and performance-based design.Promotes team building among client, designer and contractor, emphasizing the success of the project instead of the success of the individual, thereby minimizing the commoditization of engineering.Provides ongoing feedback from clients, users, and contractors to the design team, eliminating scope surprises.Reduces total project costs and engineering scope creep, improving profitability.Involves construction expertise in the design phase, ide ntifying field issues and avoiding obstacles, unnecessary construction costs, and lawsuits.Improves the quality of construction documents, minimizing change orders and subsequent post-construction claims.Improves the quality of the virtually design, incorporating feedback from the field.Figure Constructability Logic DiagramDefinitionsSafetyAs a noun safety shall be understood to mean the condition of being safe from (or causing) harm, injury, or loss.As a verb safety shall be understood to mean protection against chastening, breakage, or accident.Constructability Safety In-Design ProgramParsons CSID compliance program is an ongoing implementation and confirmation effort relating to a projects constructability safety requirements. Also included are hazard analysis resolutions relating to the mitigation of personnel hazards in a facilitys operation, adherence to code requirements, and safe design practices beneficial to personnel.The following subjects are included in this progr am.Personnel life safetySafe facility startupSafe facility shutdownIntrinsically safe designsStructural integrity (e.g., seismic, wind, safe loading, equipment support, etc.)Considerations for operating a facility safelyOwner/operation procedure supplementOperating sufficiency/redundancyEconomic designEase of maintenanceEnvironmental complianceConstruction safetyFailure analysis (except for life safety systems)Supplier product/safety responsibilitiesSafety and Personnel HazardsTypical safety and personnel hazards in operating facilities include, but are not exceptional toFiresExplosions come downsTripping and clearance deficienciesStructural degradation and improperly supported elementsElectrical shockChemical burns and fumesSuffocationExcessive sound levelsUse of, and/or exposure to, harmful construction materials (e.g., urethane and asbestos)Toxic materials handlingPotable water contamination (e.g., sanitary sewer/process sewer)Radiation nuclearMagnetic fieldsUse of microwaves unequal lighting (eyestrain and darkness)Ergonomic deficiencies (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome and muscular strain)Materials handling (e.g., overheads, conveyors)Moving machinery parts (e.g. guards, over speed, vibration, emergency stop/lockout)Hazardous spillsMoving objects (obstructed vision)Inadequacy of alarms/ communion systemsUnanticipated structural loading (e.g. large number of people on platforms)Hazard AnalysisA hazard analysis is generally intended to identify and examine hazards during all phases of design, construction, and operations, as applicable to the requirements of each project. This analysis includes hazards and operability (HAZOP) studies, what-if evaluations, chastisement mode and effects analyses (FMEA), and event-tree and fault-tree analyses. Hazard analysis is not a function of the Engineering Department but is handled by others. On some projects, hazard analysis is performed by the client.Constructability Safety SystemsTypical Constructability safety sys tems include, but are not limited to, the following three categories.Monitoring SystemsFire and smoke detection alarmsToxic material sensors and alarmsCritical sampling systemsConstructability Safety Device Systems (permanent and in-place)Safe electrical voltages near personnelExplosive protectionProtective material coveringsAdequate exiting and door hardwareShieldingFall protectionLadder clearances and cagesStair handrails, platform handrails, and toenail platesOperability of valvesMachinery guardsSafety color codingSignageEmergency stop switchesEquipment-keyed lockout switchesEmergency Protection Systems (activated by an incident)Eyewash and safety-shower stationsEmergency/exit lightingEmergency communicationsEmergency alarmsFire sprinklersEmergency exit facilitation devices (e.g., slides)Electrical circuit protection (e.g., circuit breakers and fuses)Constructability Safety In-Design Process GuideConstructability and Safe Design ConceptsSpecific aims and goals in the beginning of this process address the theories and methodology of constructability, hazard identification and the development of design features to eliminate the obstacles and hazard and/or minimize the probability of constructability and injury or damage failure mode. Constructability and safety engineering should include the process of systematically controlling constructability issues and hazards through design considerations or with the use of safety appliances.Principle One Definition of a Hazard and ConstructabilityTo begin to address constructability safer design principles in construction and the life of the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure, one must first understand the actual nature of constructability and hazards. A specific definition of constructability and hazards provides the Parsons Engineer with a basis to develop a methodology for planning and evaluating the construction and the life cycle of the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure process for constructability and safe ty ensuring for design of constructible, safe systems and equipment. The undertaking of such construction design principles leads to safe operation of a completed facility.What a hazard is in practical termsDefinition A hazard is an unsafe physical condition that is perpetually in one of three modes- Dormant/Latent (unable to cause harm), Armed (can cause harm), Active (causing injury, death, and/or damage by releasing unwanted energy, substances, biological agents, and or defective computations from computer software.In greater detail, a dormant/latent hazard is a design defect that is susceptible to a failure mode. Foreseeable misuse should also be considered (a kitchen chair may be used to stand on to reach upper cabinets and needs to be inflexible enough to prevent collapse.)The armed hazard is created by a change of circumstances and is ready to cause harm (the chair may have a big knot on one leg). The active hazard is an armed hazard triggered into action (when the chair is stepped on the knot cannot support the additional load and the chair leg collapses, causing a fall.)Definition Constructability is the optimum use of construction knowledge and experience in planning, design, and procurement and field operations to achieve the overall project objectives.The basis of constructability concept is that experienced construction personnel need to be involved with the project from the earliest stages to ensure that the construction focus and their experience can properly influence the owners, planners, and designers, as well as material suppliers. This does not necessarily mean that the design or project objectives should be changed to meet constructability only from a cost standpoint. Constructability should be used as a design consideration, so that optimum results provide the best of both worlds.Parsons approach to the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure Design will emphasize constructability with various characteristics and be implemented as design p rogresses.Parsons Design and construction managers are committed to the cost effectiveness of the whole project. They recognize the high cost influence of early project decisions.Parsons managers use constructability as a major tool in meeting project objectives concerning quality, cost and schedules.Parsons managers bring construction aboard early. This means using experienced personnel who have a full understanding of how a project is planned and built.Parsons Designers are receptive to improving constructability. They think constructability, request construction input freely, and evaluate that input objectively.Early constructability efforts result in a significant payback to the project. Industry research has cited cost reductions of between 6 and 23 percent, benefit/cost ratios of up to 101, and large schedule reductions. The intangible benefits are as important as the quantitative benefits and must be recognized accordingly. These include more accurate schedules, increased pro ductivity, improved episode of construction, enhanced quality, decreased maintenance, and a safer job.Parsons will provide input to the planning and design from the standpoint of project intent, constructability, safety, operation and maintenance. This will be accomplished through field reconnaissance with designers and reviews of design documents at various stages of development. Obtaining feedback from maintenance personnel at this point is very important, since they ultimately live with the finished product and are aware of previous construction deficiencies. The reviews will be scheduled during both the Conceptual Development and the Design phases.Principle Two Establish a Standard of Constructability and Safe DesignConstructability and Safety must be converted into a powerful design priority and overriding planning concern to be effective. It must rely primarily on the physical elimination of each construction obstacle and hazard, rather than upon human performance, which is v ariable and cannot be programmed, to avoid the obstacle or hazard. Through the evaluation and close scrutiny of each activity, task or phase of the construction process we are able to identify possible failure modes to identify hazardous conditions.A well-known tenet of safety engineering states Any hazard that has the potential for serious injury or death is ceaselessly unreasonable and always unacceptable if reasonable design features and/or the use of safety appliances are available to prevent the hazard. The key to successful safety engineering is to identify and design out as many hazards as possible. When this tenet is applied as a design standard, it becomes a routine expectation to design out hazards, thus changing a dangerous facility, product or service into a safer one.The identification of construction obstacles and hazards is the basic building block to ensure for a safe construction and operation during the life cycle of the Arabian Canal Project Infrastructure. Often the same construction obstacle or hazard that has been causing injury, damage, or down time surfaces uncontrolled on multiple occasions. Falling loads due to two blocking were recurring hazards on construction sites for many years. This trend stopped when anti-two blocking devices were installed by manufacturers on all new cranes and retrofitted onto most cranes in the field. By relying on our past experiences, remembering rearwards is not all that difficult to begin to control construction obstacles and hazards.Principle Three Categorizing the HazardHazard SourceThe third step in hazard identification is to determine which of the following seven categories contains the source of the hazardHazard SourceNatural EnvironmentStructural/MechanicalElectricalChemical refulgent EnergyBiologicalAutomated SystemsArtificial IntelligenceNow the hazard can be binned into a convenient box or boxes. Each of these boxes contains just a few examples that serve as a starting point for the Parsons E ngineer to begin to focus on the nature of the hazard.These topics are meant to be a starting point to develop additional listings for failure modes. It is important to note that hazard categories may overlap or fall into one or more groups. It is common to encounter a hazard that contains simultaneous natural, mechanical, and chemical properties. In these cases, specific hazards should be broken down into as many individual properties as possible.Natural EnvironmentThe first box is our natural environment. The laws of gravity cannot be repealed, nor can the weather be programmed or the ocean drained. The following are a few hazard source possibilities that the Parsons Engineer must contend with in the natural environment.Natural EnvironmentGravityFalls same levelFall from elevationFalling objectsImpactAccelerationSlopesUpsetRolloverSlidingUnstable surfacesWaterFloatingSinkingDrowningAtmosphereChange in AltitudehumidnessWindVisibility (fog, etc.)DustTemperatureLimitations on Human P erformanceStructural/Mechanical HazardsThe second box delineates mechanical hazards. As engineers we must consider their mechanical advantage, but also their possible danger.Structural/Mechanical HazardsSurfacesLack of TractionUnstable SurfacesTrippingInclineStepsLaddersLeverRotationWheelsGearsPulley bashAugerCams