Welfare to Work Midterm Essay Example for Free

Welfare to Work Midterm Essay 1. President Clinton signed into law the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) P.L. 104-193 on August 22, 1996. What are the basis and implications of this law? On August 22, 1996, President William Jefferson Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) (P.L. 104-193, 110 Stat. 2105) into law, thus fulfilling his campaign promise to end welfare as we know it. The PRWORA changed both the substance and administration of the national welfare system. The act eliminated the prior welfare system, which had been attacked for decades by policy-makers, the press, and the public for increasing government spending while making the poor dependent on government charity. The stated purposes of the PRWORA were to reduce welfare dependency and out-of-wedlock births and to encourage the formation of two-parent families. In line with these goals, the PRWORA required welfare recipients to work within two years of receiving assistance, and it put a five-year lifetime limit on the receipt of benefits. It also ended the entitlement status of welfare benefits. In addition, the act made other, less publicized changes to several social welfare programs, both restricting the availability of benefits (making it harder for disabled children to qualify for assistance, limiting eligibility for food stamps, denying welfare benefits to most legal immigrants) and strengthening programs that aid children (reorganizing and increasing funding for child care, toughening the enforcement of rules for child support). In addition to the acts primary emphasis on putting welfare recipients to work, the PRWORA also radically altered the way government delivers welfare benefits in three important ways: (1) Increased role of states. To fund welfare the PRWORA provided the states with fixed block grants called Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) to fund welfare, totaling $16.5 billion annually over six years. Congress also included a provision in the act that would result in TANF funding cuts if the states failed to move a required percentage of recipients into the workforce and off welfare. Nevertheless, TANF gave states extensive discretion to design and operate their own programs. This transfer of authority from the federal government to the states is called devolution. Under devolution, states have many choices to make in shaping their welfare policiesncluding being more stringent than federal law requires. For instance, some states have chosen to limit the receipt of benefits to less than five years, to cut benefits to families with truant children, or to mandate that parents take parenting classes. (2) Increased role of local entities. The PRWORA allowed states to devolve their authority even further to counties, local governments, or even private entities. The private entities involved in welfare administration include a wide range of for-profit companies, nonprofit companies, and religious groups. As a result, welfare programs vary widely not only from state to state but also within local jurisdictions. This transfer of authority to private providers, an approach called privatization, has raised questions about accountability. In other words, some critics argue that PWROWA has made it more difficult for the government to oversee programs so as to ensure quality service to recipients. The accountability of for-profit entities is of particular concern, because the incentive to earn profits can lessen the quality of services provided. Critics also charge that privatization may cause private providers to lose their independent character as they become increasingly bureaucratic and reliant on government funding. In addition, there has been sharp debate over whether religious groups should receive government funding for delivering social services. Opponents charge that this violates the separation between church and state. Proponents hold that a spiritual approach to the delivery of social services is more effective than secular approaches. (3) Changes in the role of welfare workers. The work-first emphasis of the PRWORA has dramatically changed the role of front-line workers, those low-level welfare office workers who interact directly with welfare clients. Before the PRWORA, front-line workers focused on two tasks: (1) verifying whether applicants met objective criteria to become eligible for assistance, and (2) issuing checks in a timely manner. By contrast, under the PRWORA these front-line workers must perform a variety of tasks, including evaluation and counseling, designed to put people to work. As a result, they have a much bigger say in decisions affecting applicants than they had previously 2. What is the relationship between Aide to Families with Dependent Children AFDC) and Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Program (JOBS)? 3. What is the difference, if any, between Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and the Welfare-to-Work Grant Programs? Explain in detail. PRWORA replaced AFDC with TANF and ended entitlement to cash assistance for low-income families, meaning that some families may be denied aid even if they are eligible. Under TANF, states have broad discretion to determine who is eligible for benefits and services. In general states must use funds to serve families with children, with the only exceptions related to efforts to reduce non-marital childbearing and promote marriage. States cannot use TANF funds to assist most legal immigrants until they have been in the country for at least 5 years. TANF sets forth the following work requirements in order to qualify for benefits: 1. Recipients (with few exceptions) must work as soon as they are job ready or no later than two years after coming on assistance. 2. Single parents are required to participate in work activities for at least 30 hours per week. Two-parent families must participate in work activities 35 or 55 hours a week, depending upon circumstances. 3. Failure to participate in work requirements can result in a reduction or termination of benefits to the family. 4. States, in fiscal year 2004, have to ensure that 50 percent of all families and 90 percent of two-parent families are participating in work activities. If a state meets these goals without restricting eligibility, it can receive a caseload reduction credit. This credit reduces the minimum participation rates the state must achieve to continue receiving federal funding. While states are given more flexibility in the design and implementation of public assistance, they must do so within various provisions of the law: 1. Provide assistance to needy families so that children may be cared for in their own homes or in the homes of relatives; 2. end the dependence of needy parents on government benefits by promoting job preparation, work, and marriage; 3. prevent and reduce the incidence of out-of-wedlock pregnancies and establish annual numerical goals for preventing and reducing the incidence of these pregnancies; 4. and encourage the formation and maintenance of two-parent families. Funding for TANF underwent several changes from its predecessor, AFDC. Under AFDC, states provided cash assistance to families with children, and the federal government paid half or more of all program costs. Federal spending was provided to states on an open-ended basis, meaning that funding was tied to the number of caseloads. Federal law mandated that states provide some level of cash assistance to eligible poor families but states had broad discretion in setting the benefit levels. Under TANF, states qualify for block grants. The funding for these block grants are fixed and the amount each state receives is based on the level of federal contributions to the state for the AFDC program in 1994. States are required to maintain their spending for wel fare programs at 80 percent of their 1994 spending levels, with a reduction to 75 percent if states meet other work-participation requirements. States have greater flexibility in deciding how they spend funds as long as they meet the provisions of TANF described above. Welfare recipients and certain non-custodial parents are going to work, gaining job skills, and receiving the temporary help they need to become economically independent through local initiatives supported by Welfare-to-Work grants from the U.S. Department of Labor. These outcomes have been a primary goal of Federal welfare policy since the enactment of the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunities Act which ended welfare as an entitlement and set lifetime limits on an individual’s benefits. Additional welfare reform legislation in 1997 authorized the Department of Labor to provide Welfare-to-Work grants to help the hardest-to-employ, long-term welfare recipients get education, training, work experience, and private-sector jobs. These grants to States and communities are intended to provide welfare recipients with training, transitional employ ment, job placement services, and support services. Local communities have the flexibility to design programs that fit their particular needs. Approximately three-fourths of the $3 billion authorized for Welfare-to-Work was allocated to States on the basis of their poverty populations; the States are required to spend $1 of non- Federal funding for every $2 in Federal funds. Nearly one-fourth of the total funds were awarded competitively to local governments, private industry councils, or community-based organizations; 1 percent of the funds was awarded to Indian tribes, and 0.8 percent was set aside for evaluation. The Welfare-to-Work Initiative evolves to meet society’s needs, even though virtually all of the grant funds had been distributed by the end of 1999. At least 70 percent of grant funds were required to be spent on services to long-term recipients of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) and non-custodial parents. The remainder could be spent on TANF recipients who have characteristics associated with long-term welfare dependency, youth who have received foster-care services, and custodial parents with incomes below the poverty line. Eligibility criteria were simplified under the Welfare-to-Work and Child Support Amendments of 1999. Under related programs, Work Opportunity and Welfare-to-Work tax credits provide 4. How are the Welfare-to-Work Programs being carried out in the State of Mississippi? Temporary Assistance for Needy Families provides cash benefits to families once they have been approved for the program. The benefits can be used for any legal personal reason, such as rent, food, child care or medical bills. The benefit amount is determined by a familys monthly income and the size. In Mississippi, if a familys income does not meet the standard of need used for eligibility, the state itself may supply benefits. In 2011, the maximum state allowance for needy families was $110 per month for the first person in the program, $36 for the second and $24 for every additional person. Time Limit The federal Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act imposed new time limits for TANF. No state can offer benefits for longer than the federal limit, although they may be extended under certain circumstances for a limited time. Mississippi uses the federal guideline for TANF benefits, although the time limit in some other states is shorter. TANF participants in Mississippi cannot receive help for more than 60 months, or five years. Eligibility Not all needy individuals qualify for TANF. Only families with children may apply, and the children must be deprived of one or both of their parents because of unemployment, absence or inability to perform their parental duties. In 2011, the family cannot exceed a maximum monthly income level or hold more than $2,000 in assets, such as real estate or cash. Mississippi rules also require that any parent or relative caretaker who takes TANF money because one or more of the parents are absent must assign support rights to the state and aid the state in obtaining child support payments from the absent parent, which may require legally establishing paternity. Work Requirements All adults who participate in Mississippis TANF program must meet the work requirements or lose their benefits. There are exceptions for women who are in their third trimester of pregnancy and have complications. You also do not have to meet the work requirements if you are the victim of domestic violence, in treatment for substance abuse, disabled, elderly or caring for a disabled household member or child under 12 months of age. Participants have 25 months to meet all work requirements before losing benefits. The program does help participants with skills assessments, developing an Employability Development Plan and job training. Vocational education, work experience programs, community service and job searches qualify as work activities for TANF. 5. â€Å"Promoting marriage and helping those with substance abuse were the secondary goals of the reform.† Referring to the US Welfare Reform in 1996, how was secondary goals achieved? In conjunction with supporting work, new policies deny assistance to people who do not work. The work requirements in TANF are stricter than those in AFDC, fewer recipients are exempted from them, and failure to comply with them can lead to financial sanctions. In addition, PRWORA limits nonworking able-bodied adults without dependents to three months of food stamps, and state General Assistance programs have declined. States have done less to achieve welfare reforms family structure goals—encouraging marriage, reducing the number of births outside of marriage, and keeping children in their own homes or the homes of relatives—than they have to promote work (chapter 3). Many states make TANF available on a fairly equal basis to families with single and with married parents, which reverses a longstanding bias in the welfare system against serving two-parent families and thereby possibly discouraging marriage. Twenty states have adopted family caps that deny additional benefits to adults who have children while they are on welfare. Another PRWORA provision strengthens the child support system, with the federal government developing a data registry to facilitate collections from working noncustodial parents, states being required to adopt new child support enforcement tools, and individual welfare recipients facing sanctions if they fail to cooperate with the child support system. 6. How successful was the 1996 Welfare Reform? Declining Welfare Demand In 1994, about 5.1 million families were receiving cash assistance from the government. Most beneficiaries have since been forced to leave the welfare rolls for low-paying jobs, following the 1996 welfare reforms. By 2006, USA Today estimates that 1 million more had been removed either because of failure to follow state rules, or they had depleted all the benefits allowed under time limits. At the 10th anniversary of the PRWORA, only about 1.9 million families were getting cash benefits: 38 percent were blacks, 33 percent were white and 24 percent were Hispanic. Between 1994 and 2004, the welfare caseload recorded an unprecedented decline of 60 percent. Working Single Mothers Of the families on welfare in 2006, unmarried women headed three out of four. However, statistics indicate earnings for the poorest 40 percent of single mother households doubled between 1996 and 2006. Statistics also revealed that about 60 percent of adults leaving welfare were employed at any given moment, according to the Brookings Institution, and that over several months, about 80 percent held at least one job. Rising Income Levels Between 1993 and 2000, the percentage of low-income single mothers with a job grew from 58 percent to nearly 75 percent, an increase of almost 30 percent, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. This was a direct result of welfare reforms. The overall income of low-income families increased by more than 25 percent over the period, and by 2006, child poverty fell significantly. According to the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, welfare reforms have succeeded mainly because the presumption of government assistance as an entitlement has been reversed. The Knowledge Gap The University of Michigan argues that research on welfare reforms is too focused on poverty reduction rates, lower out-of-wedlock childbearing and greater family stability, while overlooking spousal abuse and child neglect. The university argues that poverty levels remain high among single mothers and their children and that welfare recipient faced impediments to stable employment. Similarly, the Employment Policies Institute suggests more research must be conducted in an effort to understand the relationship between minimum wages and welfare recipiency. The minimum wage research data is currently more focused on high school dropouts, with only limited attention paid to poor adults.

Blaise Pascal :: essays research papers fc

The French mathematician, theologian, physicist and man-of-letters, Blaise Pascal is a mathematician who has a reputation that rests more on what he might have done rather than what he might have actually done. Pascal has devoted a considerable amount of his life towards the devotion of religious exercise. Blaise Pascal was born in Clermont-Ferrand, Auvergne. Which is now known as Clermont-Ferrand, on June 19, 1623. And he died in Paris on Aug. 19, 1662. Pascal was the son of the president of the Court of Exchequer. After Pascal's mother died in 1630 his father who also had a scientific reputation moved to Paris in 1631 to pursue his own scientific studies, and also to continue his children’s education. Pascal had displayed an exceptional amount of academic ability therefore he was kept at home to ensure his academic stability. Pascal had a natural desire for the science of constructing figures and determining the proportions between their different parts. He soon discovered that the sum of the angles of a triangle is equal to two right angles. By the age of fourteen he was admitted to the weekly meetings of Roberval, Mersenne, Mydorge, and other French geometricians; from which, ultimately, the French Academy sprung. At sixteen Pascal wrote an essay on conic sections. Blaise Pascal with Pierre de Fermat, they invented the calculus of probabilities, which laid foundation for Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz's calculus. In 1647 Pascal invented calculating machine, which made him one of the fathers of the Computer Age. Later he developed the barometer, the hydraulic press, and the syringe. In 1653 he had to administer his father's estate. Pascal's other important scientific contributions include the derivation of Pascal's law or principle, which states that fluids transmit pressures equally in all directions, and his investigations in the geometry of infinitesimals. Around this time he invented the arithmetical triangle, and in conjunction with Fermat created the calculus of probabilities. Pascal died at the age of 39 in intense pain after a malignant growth in his stomach spread to the brain. His most famous work is the Pensees (Thoughts); a set of deeply personal meditations in somewhat fragmented form on human suffering and faith in God. "Pascal's wager" expresses the conviction that belief in God is rational: if God does not exist, one stands to lose nothing by believing in him anyway, while if he does exist, one stands to lose everything by not believing.

Dramatic Techniques in “Oedipus the King” Essay

Sophocles was one of the most celebrated playwrights of his time, writing more than 100 plays to captivate and delight his ancient Greek audiences. Today, although only seven plays remain, his work continues to be enjoyed, evoking a variety of emotions and passions from his meaningful and disturbing tragedies, proving that he revolutionised the face of drama. One of Sophocles most legendary plays, Oedipus the King, demonstrates his outstanding writing skill, by the number of techniques he incorporates, such as dramatic irony, symbolism and his usage of the Chorus. Dramatic irony is a prominent device used in many tragedies. It allows the audience to feel a sense of privilege and engagement in the play and develops an alliance between the dramatist and the spectators, so that mere curiosity is not the only aspect keeping the viewers interested. Such tragedies containing dramatic irony include Othello, Romeo and Juliet and Time in the Conways by J.B. Priestley. In Oedipus the King, everyone in the audience knows from the beginning that Oedipus has killed his father and married his mother, not only from the prologue, but due to the fact that the basic story of Oedipus was a well known myth of the time. The tension of the play, then, builds up from Oedipus slow but foreseeable advancement towards this horrifying self-knowledge. Watching Oedipus fate unfold, the audience associates with the protagonist, vividly sharing the horror of the reversal he suffers and recognising the command that fate has. By relating with the audience, Sophocles accomplished the catharsis that Aristotle thought was so essential. One scene in particular illustrates an obvious example of dramatic irony, when Oedipus is addressing his people about the plague they are suffering. And while you suffer, none suffers more than I. You have your several griefs, each for himself;But my heart bears the weight of my own, and yoursAnd all my peoples sorrows. I am not asleep.(Lines 51-54)Oedipus relates that he suffers from the fact that his people are sick, however, the viewers know its double meaning, that, although he does not know it he suffers from another type of sickness- that of being contaminated with the crimes of incest and murder, and actually, in the end  he does suffer from the shame of his people, therefore carrying their grievances. Dramatic irony increases a sense of suspense among the audience as they wait for the inevitable, foreshadowing what is to be the climax of the story; that destructive moment of realisation which is the basis of most Greek tragedies. However, apart from their base knowledge of the Oedipus legend, the audience is unaware of the order and particulars of the play, therefore a medium is needed to relate between the audience and the drama on stage. In Greek theatre this comes in the form of the Chorus. The major roles of the Chorus are to commentate and to react fittingly to the events onstage. They provide the audience with clarification and reinforce the morals of the play, reacting in a way the ideal spectators should react. The Chorus in Oedipus the King are wise Theban elders who long for stability and composure among their society, advising Oedipus to Be merciful and learn to yield in order to keep peace between himself and Creon, and in lines 875-894 they essentially exclaim that man should not try to rebel against fate, law or the gods. They also tend to keep the continuity and urgency of the play alive by summarising and foreshadowing particular events; Why has the Queen, sir, left us in such deep passion? / I fear some vile catastrophe will out†¦ The Chorus is also a tool Sophocles used to influence and control the audiences reaction because the Chorus were, in terms of status, personality and attitudes and values, very similar to the audience therefore they felt implied to feel how the Chorus was feeling. In this respect, the spectators were taking part in the play since the Chorus represented their voice. In Oedipus the King the last words are spoken directly to the viewers by the Chorus; a final summary and confirmation of tragedy, they state that all men are to be wretched until the day they die. In this tragedy the Chorus is a symbol of the common ideologies of the time and other symbols aid in giving meaning to the drama and allowing viewers to delve deeper into the plot. Symbolism is a method of revealing ideas or truth through the use of symbols. In Oedipus the KingSophocles uses symbolism in a number of instances, proving his great ability as a playwright. As mentioned, symbolism gives depth to drama, and although symbolism may not have been evident to the  ancient Greeks when viewing the play, on reflection these clues may have come known, revealing a whole new outlook of the play. In this particular tragedy sight is a consistent symbol throughout the text and it occurs both literally and metaphorically. In the beginning, clear sighted Oedipus sees only what he wishes to and is blind to the grave truth of his past (and future). He seems to pity Tiresias physical blindness more than he marvels at his gift, treating it as a significant disability and using it against him. Living in perpetual night, you cannot harm me, nor any man else that sees the light. Consequently when Oedipus comes to know of the truth he blinds himself in order to escape the shame of his children. As soon as this happens we see a change in his character; he becomes more modest and although the chorus thinks only of the hurting Oedipus must be in- Foulest disfigurement that I ever saw! O cruel, insensate agony!(lines 1298-1300) -Oedipus makes no mention of physical pain. Another symbol is that of a crucial decisive moment in the play, the three cross roads where Laius is murdered. The symbol of the crossroads shows us how although Oedipus was destined to a certain thing he did have some free will- if his character had allowed him to stay calm in the situation with Laius, Oedipus may have been better off. A further symbol is Oedipus swollen feet and his name. The link between Oedipus name and his ankle is vital because it proves that Oedipus was the child that was left to die and therefore the one whom the oracles prediction was made to. It also gives a lasting physical proof in the form of his limp that he has had from birth. In addition to this feet are a symbol for humans in this play-the Sphinx riddle demonstrates this, therefore the meaning of Oedipuss swollen feet could also describe his flaw as a human being. Through the study of some of the techniques Sophocles engaged in his plays, his aptitude and flair as playwright has become apparent and have most definitely helped his plays succeed throughout history. Dramatic irony kept viewers interested in the plot and increased suspense, symbolism gave depth to the plot and the Chorus developed the plays ability to universalise, by enabling the audience to relate to the feelings of the Chorus and the protagonist. When it was written it was, in the opinion of Aristotle, one of the greatest tragedies. Today, although attitudes and values have changed,  it has the same effect and it is still said to be original tragedy from its universal techniques and morals.

World War I Timeline From 1914 to 1919

P2p File Sharing Of Copyrighted Material - 1952 Words

Dylan Crees Iowa State University Philosophy 343 - Dr. Tsou May 4th, 2016 P2P File Sharing of Copyrighted Material Introduction Anyone who owns a computer that has a reliable internet connection can potentially download a torrent client and participate in peer-to-peer file sharing. Using a web browser to download files from websites is a lot different than downloading files from peers because instead of obtaining the files from a web server you are obtaining the files directly from ordinary computers like your own, hence the name peer-to-peer (P2P). A lot of people use P2P file sharing as way of sharing and obtaining copyrighted material. In this paper I’ll go over some of the details of P2P file sharing, why it’s such a big issue for†¦show more content†¦Often times popular television shows will be shared less than 24 hours after airing and this availability plays a crucial role in the amount of people who are actively downloading and sharing. As of May 4th, 2016 approximately 35,000 people are actively sharing Season 2 Episode 20 of The Flash television series which aired the previous day on May 3rd. On top of that another 10,000+ people are downloading the same episode, and that’s just a single torrent. Screenshot taken from Kick Ass Torrents homepage (https://kat.cr/tv/). All of these people are sharing/downloading a single episode of a television series. There are thousands upon thousands of people sharing and downloading copyrighted material every second. This includes movies, music, television shows, e-books, computer software, video games, etc. From 2008 to 2014 file sharing in North America increased a substantial 44% (Steele) and since 98.8 percent of all P2P file sharing data is copyrighted, this implies that the illegal sharing of intellectual property using torrents and P2P file sharing has been climbing steadily. One of the reasons I think that online piracy is becoming more popular is because it’s extremely easy to do and a lot of people don’t even think they’re doing anything wrong when downloading copyrighted material from the internet. There are also an outrageous number of people who participate in online piracy and it’s

Lewis And Clark The United States - 1543 Words

Lewis and Clark Have you ever wondered what it would be like to explore a land that nobody has ever explored before? This is exactly what Lewis and Clark did when the United States purchased a very large amount of land in The Louisiana Purchase. The Corps of Discovery was one of most important expeditions at that time. The preparation of the journey, the journey itself, and the aftermath of the journey were three main things that happened with the Corps of Discovery. Although the journey was hard, they succeeded. Lewis and Clark were two very important people at the time. William Clark, an army captain, had served with Meriwether Lewis in Ohio. At the the time, Lewis was President Thomas Jefferson’s secretary. The journey was set in motion when the United States took part in The Louisiana Purchase. This purchase gave the United States half of our country. It gave us 828,000 miles of land. The treaty was signed on May 2nd. In October 1803, France transferred all authority in that chunk of land to the United States. To make preparations for the trip, the two captains had to buy a grand array of things in Philadelphia. His shopping list included scientific instruments such as a chronometer and a sextant, an air rifle, arms and ammunition, medicines, ink and other materials for journal keeping, and a large array of other items, including 193 pounds of portable soup, a corn mill, mosquito netting, blankets, oiled linen for making tents, candles, tools, and referenceShow MoreRelatedLewis And Clark : The United States1569 Words   |  7 PagesLewis and Clark Have you ever wondered what it would be like to explore a land that nobody has ever explored before? This is exactly what Lewis and Clark did when the United States purchased a very large amount of land in The Louisiana Purchase. The Corps of Discovery was one of most important expeditions at that time. We will be going over three main points. The preparation of the journey, the journey itself, and the aftermath of the journey will be the main point of this paper.. Although theRead MoreThe Lewis And Clark : The Land Of The United States2268 Words   |  10 Pagestodays well known Lewis and Clark, the entire western end of the United States was uncharted territory consisting of new peoples and surroundings waiting to be discovered. A member of this team included John Colter , who is an unknown person to most historians. Colter was an important piece of this group, and though he did not stay with Lewis and Clark during the entirety of two years, from May 1804 to September 1806, he w as an essential component of their travels. While Lewis and Clark have been recognizedRead MoreLewis And Clark s Impact On The United States1480 Words   |  6 PagesLewis And Clark Expedition The exploration of Lewis and Clark into the Louisiana Purchase had a great impact on the United States. During the exploration, they encountered Native American tribes, who exchanged items with them, and new species of plants and animals. The expedition of Lewis and Clark began on May 21,1804. Meriwether Lewis was born on August 18, 1774 in Albemarle County, Virginia. Lewis met Clark in 1795 in the army. Lewis was asked to be Thomas Jefferson’s private secretary in 1801Read MoreThe Lewis And Clark Expedition1415 Words   |  6 PagesCaptain Meriwether Lewis and William Clark put their lives on the line only to return with information regarding the Pacific Northwest of the United States territory. Their reasons behind this journey, being to expand the United States to the West, involved the entire nation but debatably, their accomplishments and the reaction of others became a major part of today’s history. The foremost reason behind the Lewis and Clark expedition was all based on Thomas Jefferson’s, president at the time, interestRead MoreImpact of the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition1198 Words   |  5 PagesTerritory. This was a purchase that will make Thomas Jefferson a man to be remembered. Although, he wasn’t the only man who impacted the United States during this time period. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark are the two men that are greatly known for their expedition across the Louisiana Territory. These two subjects, the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition, altered our nation immeasurably. The Louisiana Purchase came as a surprise that neither Thomas Jefferson nor anyone elseRead MoreThe Lewis and Clark Expedition: A Summary969 Words   |  4 PagesLewis and Clark Expedition: One of the greatest achievements that contributed to the increase of the size of the United States by double is the Louisiana Purchase. While this accomplishment was started through the initiative of a group of American explorers, it was mainly realized because of the efforts and vision of President Jefferson. Since it increased the geographical size of the country, the Louisiana Purchase was a significant historical event that was realized when Americas population startedRead MoreThe Lewis And Clark Expedition1433 Words   |  6 PagesThe Lewis and Clark expedition was a truth that was to become the crowning accomplishment in the lifetime of the brilliant thinker, inventor, and founding father, Thomas Jefferson . It has become a profounding turning point throughout America’s history. Investigating the recently obtained Louisiana Territory, which nearly doubled the size of the country, arranged Jefferson the opportunity to widen the boundaries of the United States to include both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The threat of theRead MoreDon t Let Your Dreams Be Dreams1161 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Don’t let your dreams be dreams, just do it†, Shia Lebouf. Young Lewis and Clark dreamed of adventures and exploring. They did not let their dreams be dreams. As adults the two would lead an expedition of historical significance to the United States. â€Å"Meriwether Lewis was born on August 18, 1774, near Charlottesville, Virginia and was the boyhood neighbor of Thomas Jefferson.† (lewisandclark) â€Å"Meriwether Lewis spent much of his time as a youth in the outdoors, and developed an interest inRead MoreThe Expedition Of Lewis And Clark1270 Words   |  6 PagesWithout the expedition of Lewis and Clark, the American history that people know would be completely different changing the accomplishments in history. The background and experience Lewis and Clark already developed prior to the expedition would be very beneficial and help make the journey easier. The development of the mission played a key part in the expedition itself because if the development did not play out exactly how Jefferson planned, then the expedition may not have been as successful.Read MoreThe Journey Of The Columbia River1088 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 9, 1805, Lewis and Clark as well as others camped at what is present day Weippe, Idaho af ter nearly dying of starvation in the mountains. The next month the expedition reached the Columbia River where they constructed a large keelboat in Pittsburg. Lewis took the boat down the river to pick up Clark and the rest of the crew along the way, which saved time. On November 7, 1805, Lewis and Clark were twenty miles from the sea, but the men had to put the trip to a halt for three weeks due to

Business Ethics New Strategy Formulation

Question: Describe about the Business Ethics for New Strategy Formulation. Answer: Title: It is justified to formulate a new strategy of addressing the issue of obesity by asking uncomfortable personal questions; however a decent approach should be adopted. The issue of obesity has witnessed a significant increase in the recent years. This has fostered the need to develop a new anti-obesity intervention targeted at the psychological aspect of the society. This paper would highlight the various aspects of obesity as well as design a new program for the reduction of obesity in the population. Topic: The intervention of obesity is an important measure which would help in reducing the instances of overweight as well as obesity in the society. The obesity is a non communicable medical condition in which the individuals demonstrate a higher Body Mass Index than usual. The higher BMI indicates that the person does not have healthy weight. This is a growing concern in the modern society especially in urban settings. There are several reasons for the rise in the obesity in the modern society. The lifestyle modifications have led maximum people to lead an unhealthy lifestyle with least physical activities. This has led to the fat accumulation in the human body which is not desirable. The excess weight gain can have a variety of implications on the health as well as well being of the individual. This has emphasized the importance of designing an obesity specific intervention program that would address the issue of overweight individuals. The past surveys have shown that the obesit y related intervention strategies such as lifestyle intervention, surgery and pharmacotherapy has not been truly successful in treating obesity. This was due to the fact that the participants did not feel the urge to reduce their weight by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Due to this reason, a complete new approach was adopted for creating a highly effective anti-obesity program. This paper would introduce the new social campaign that focuses on creating a unique questionnaire for the obese participants. The questionnaire would be prepared in such a manner that it presents uncomfortable personal questions regarding their excess weight and their lifestyle. The aim of such questions is to create an environment in which the participants would be uncomfortable in answering specific weight related questions. This embarrassment would affect the psychological aspect of the participant and they would give utmost importance to physical fitness, which would help them to maintain a healthy weight . Summary box Argument I will argue that obesity is one of the most important constituent of public health. There are many negative consequences of obesity especially for the health of the individual. There is severe physical, social and psychological impact on the individuals. This has led to the development of specific obesity intervention program aimed at reducing the overall weight gain of the individuals. The past research shows that the existing obesity program do not target the individuals on a psychological level which is of utmost importance. This is because of the fact that obesity is linked to the behavioural aspects of the participants. The participants may not feel motivated to lead healthy lifestyle along with the intake of nutritional foods. They may be inclined to junk foods along with minimal physical activities. Hence, in order to treat these issues, a new intervention strategy is formulated that tries to modify the psychological aspects of the participants. This new campaign wou ld involve the creation of a special type of questionnaire that targets the intrinsic details of the weight gain of the participants. The different types of questions were formulated such as how the participants perceive themselves due to increased weight, their level of awareness regarding their physical awareness, potential of discrimination based on their weight and others. This type of questions would make the participants aware of their negative attributes of their physical structure. They might feel offended and this would drive them to think constructively about their weight. They may devise suitable measures to control their weight. Most importantly, they would be motivated to lose weight and would strive to undertake a healthy lifestyle. This would help the participants to lead a healthy life. Background I will then argue that: 1. . Obesity is an important component of public health and hence reducing it is one of the primary goals. The obesity has a direct connection with several chronic diseases. There are several reasons of chronic diseases; however, obesity is one of the main causes of it. The people, who are beyond their normal weight range, face several health complications. This may also reduce the average life expectancy of the people. There has been increase in the childhood obesity as well as adult obesity rates in the recent past. The obesity is considered as a public health problem which can be compared to epidemic worldwide. There has been a number of public health intervention campaigns aimed at curbing the menace of obesity in society. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in the children who are less than five years of age. There is also an alarming rate of obesity among the teenagers. This is because of the fact that their lifestyle makes them prone to carbohydrate rich foods and unhealthy meals. The International Health Organizations has implemented multi component interventions in order to reduce the instances of obesity. It involves a combination of environmental, educational as well as behavioural activities which improve the health conditions of the people. There are various factors of weight gain such as metabolism, family values, surrounding environment and others. These factors have led to the fact that obesity is a public health concern for the health care practitioners. 2. . It is important to determine the main causes of obesity. The primary cause is the change in the lifestyle of the urban population. There have been sharp changes in the lifestyle pattern of the people along with the dietary changes as well as physical activities. An increasingly number of people is leading sedentary lives with minimum physical exercises as they have modern technologies to assist them in their daily lives. The urban people are increasingly getting accustomed to the modern transportation and technological advancements in their daily life. The increased utilisation of technology has made people lead a hassle free life; however, this has impacted their health. They have become overweight and obesity is a common phenomenon. The options of eating are not only limited to restaurants but are also popular in unusual places such as petrol pumps or railway stations. This has given number of alternatives to the people which would help them to increase their food intake. The pattern of food intake is not the sole causes of obesity. The calorie intake of an obese individual is usually more than the number of physical activities undertaken by them. The lack of neighborhood spaces, long working hours, stressful lives, lack of time management, lack of availability of healthy foods and others contribute to the medical condition of obesity. This is common for the individuals leading a sedentary lifestyle. The calorie intake from foods should be equivalent to the energy loss due to physical activities. There is a changed mode of transportation which is a direct result of growing urbanization. The inactive lifestyle contributes to binge eating which is directly related to the symptoms of overweight and obesity. The lifestyle changes have contributed to the increase in the weight of individuals. These reasons have led to the increased incidences of obesity. 3. . There are many negative implications of obesity. The health and wealth being of the individuals are being affected to a great extent by the incidences of obesity. There is an increased risk of non-communicable ailments like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorder and some various forms of cancer. The individuals that suffer from obesity suffer from serious health hazards. The pregnant women who are obese can have serious complications during the delivery of the baby. There can be complications for the baby as well. The childhood obesity would lead to premature death or can lead to increased chances of disability. The obese children can have an unhealthy life ahead of them. There are an increasing number of children who are obese, especially in an urban environment. There is an increased health concern of the children such as insulin resistance, fragile bones, inhalation issues and hypertension. The obese individuals suffer from a lot of emotional issues such as depression, anxiety, low quality of life, dissatisfaction and poor self-esteem. This makes them frustrated and unable to focus on their professional life. The lack of self esteem prevents the individuals to attain success in their professional endeavours. The increased prevalence of obesity has created major issues for the developing countries. They are experiencing double burden of disease. They are already dealing with the issue of contagious diseases and malnutrition. There is a steep increase in the non-communicable diseases in the recent past. One of the most common non communicable diseases is the increased incidence of obesity. This has created pressure on the public health authorities of the developing countries. 4. . The development of a new approach towards alleviating obesity is crucial. The intervention programs often target the overweight as well as obese people who have gained excess weight. There should be focus on the individuals with normal weight so that they have least chances of gaining excess weight. There has been a number of lifestyle interventions and promotion of healthy eating measures which has tried to address the issue of obesity in adults as well as children. However, there has been little success rates of these interventions. This has been due to the fact that the incidences of obesity have reached epidemic levels. A majority of the people have exceeded their normal weight due to their erratic lifestyles. This has led to the development of strategies which would effectively address the issue of obesity. This has driven the need of creating a population based intervention program for decreasing the prevalence of overweight as well as obesity of the population. The lifest yle intervention measures such as transformation of the dietary habits, modifications in the lifestyle changes, more physical fitness routines and others has been implemented for reducing the chances of overweight or obese individuals. There have also been clinical interventions that aim to reduce the impact of obesity among individuals. However, there is no specific outcome of these interventions. This is the reason for devising a new innovative anti-obesity campaign that would address the issue in a better manner. This new approach utilises the psychological makeover of the persons and targets the behavioural aspects towards the issue of obesity. All individuals are social beings who would be offended if someone targets them publicly. . A person would not be comfortable to share his personal details regarding obesity in front of everyone. A social advertising campaign must be created for the purpose of reducing the risks of obesity. The campaign would be implemented in multiple se ttings which would involve the primary care institutions as well as the workplaces of the individuals. This new strategy would differentiate policy and environmental aspects of obesity intervention and it has the capacity of identifying the individual weight targets of the population within a specified time limit. . This new approach would also identify the relevant interventions regarding controlling the phenomenon of obesity. 5. . The questionnaire of the new approach involves uncomfortable questions, which is essential in this matter. The whole idea behind this new campaign is to attack the psychological aspect of the individuals so that they can be motivated towards the successful weight reduction measures. This campaign would involve the creation of uncomfortable questions to the participants who may feel offended to answer weight related questions in the public. There would be different questions such as how they perceive their look, difficulty in physical activities, discrimination faced by them, bullying or other loss of dignity and similar instances. When the participants were asked to respond to these questions, they were embarrassed to answer these questions. This embarrassment would help the individuals to plan something regarding their excess weight. It would be possible for the individuals to come up with an innovative plan which would effectively help them to reduce their weight. When the par ticipants would be bombarded with such awkward questions, they would feel insulted in giving the answers in a public platform. The regular interventions measures may not work with every individual, however, the psychological based approach would be effective in addressing the issue of obesity. This is the reason for the selection of this unique strategy, which is believed to be highly effective in the issue of overweight and obesity. Provisional conclusion The obesity is a serious issue in the modern times. In earlier times, people gave least importance to the issue of weight gain. They were more concerned with the communicable diseases such as tuberculosis, hepatitiss, HIV and others. The issue of obesity has not created much concern for the people. However, times have changed and there has been growing incidences of obese individuals. Obesity is a particular medical condition in which there is excessive accumulation of fat deposits in the body and this has increased due to the growing urbanization of the society. It has severe health implications for the individuals and it has severe consequences on the health and well being of the individuals. There are various causes of obesity such as excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, environmental factors, hormonal imbalances and use of certain medicines. The obesity has several side effects on the health of the individuals living in the society. The obese individuals can suffer f rom stroke, cardiovascular ailments and others. The physical ailments are not only a matter of concern for the individuals but also for the society at large. Apart from the social pressures, the Government face public health pressures due to excess obese individuals. There have been several interventions in the past that concern about reducing the instances of obesity; however, they have failed to implement it. There have not been sufficient changes in the community which help in controlling the weight gain of the individuals. The failure of successfully implementing the obesity interventions have created the necessary of devising a new anti obesity campaign that address the issue of overweight as well as obesity to a greater extent. This is the reason for developing the new model of anti-obesity campaign. An innovative approach is used for the purpose of addressing the issue of obesity. The new approach would help in viewing the obesity issue from a psychological point of view. The innovative questionnaire that is intentionally prepared to ask embarrassing questions to the participants would drive them to think about the issue seriously. The sense of embarrassment coupled with a sense of guilt would force the participants to make effective plans regarding their weight loss. This approach is expected to bring new outcomes in weight loss regimes that would be highly effective in the long run. The psychological transformation of the person would imply serious behavioural changes in the individuals which would help them in reducing their weights to a great extent. Counterarguments Despite the best efforts, there can be several counter agreements in the anti obesity campaigns. There can be reduced psychological effects, lack of time of the participants and negative belief of the participants. The participants may belong to a different psychological class in which they may not be impacted by the uncomfortable questions. They may possess a different behavioural component which would not be affected by this kind of approach. This would dilute the sole purpose of this type of anti obesity approach. The participants may be too busy in their personal life or professional life and they may not respond to the unusual questionnaire. They may not understand the purpose of this type of questionnaire and hence they may not cooperate in this campaign. Their rigid attitude would not make the anti-obesity campaign successful. If the participants are not exposed to this type of questionnaire, then there would be no effect on the participants. If they are preoccupied with their work or busy schedules, then they may not be able to accommodate time for the anti-obesity campaigns. There may be negative belief of the participants regarding this type of obesity intervention. The campaign can be misunderstood by the participants that would reduce their participation rates. The participants may provoke a negative feeling about this particular obesity intervention program. They may feel that there is deliberate insult of them which may cause demotivation. As a result of this, they would not be willing to participate in the campaign. They may feel that this method is not correct and this new strategy of asking personal questions is not right. They may feel that it is unethical to ask sensitive questions in a public forum or face to face. These reasons may not cause success of this innovative kind of intervention program. The new intervention program would fail if the above issues are not tackled carefully. Conclusion It is important to implement an effective anti obesity program that would help to reduce the instances of obesity in the population. In the past, the obesity intervention measure has not been successful due to the intensity of the issue. This has led to the formulation of a new strategy that targets the obese individuals in the psychological level. The behavioural aspects of an individual are the most important and this is the core reason behind this kind of anti obesity campaigns. This strategy would be implemented in multiple setting so that there is maximum impact of the same. The innovative approach is expected to foster an attitude of weight loss among the target population. However, the success of this strategy in reducing the obesity of the individuals is doubtful. This is because of the various counterarguments that are described in this paper. There can be various issues which may dilute the success rate of the intervention program. The participants may not have any psycholo gical effect due to the uncomfortable questions. They may be too busy in their daily life. There can be the induction of a negative belief with respect to this particular type of intervention program. There is an increased possibility of misunderstanding among the participants which would lessen the probability of their participation. They may feel that this method is not correct and this new strategy of asking personal questions is not right. Their resistance to the new kind of intervention program would hinder the success of the anti obesity program. It is important to handle these issues carefully in order to make it a successful obesity intervention program. The new strategy should be conducted in such a manner so that the counterarguments can be resolved. This strategy must be introduced in a decent manner which would make the most impact. The counter arguments should be addressed and possible solutions should be sought in order to maximise the impact. This would ensure that th e new intervention program is successful in creating a successful strategy for addressing the issue of overweight as well as obesity. TITLE: It is justified to formulate a new strategy of addressing the issue of obesity by asking uncomfortable personal questions, however a decent approach should be adopted. Background The incidence of obesity and overweight adults is a global issue in todays world. The persons who possess Body Mass Index (BMI) of at least 30 are termed as obese and the adults with BMI above 25 are considered to be overweight. This term is used to explain the health condition of the persons who record significant higher weight than their ideal weight. It is a global problem and statistics show that around 2.3 billion adults are overweight and over 700 million people are obese (1). Initially, the issue of overweight as well as obesity was considered to be one of the problems of the developed countries; however, this issue is rising in the developing countries as well. The urban population is exposed to higher risks of obesity due to their lifestyle. The World Health Organization states that there is a significant rise in obesity in the Asia Pacific region. The obesity is considered as a public health problem which can be compared to epidemic worldwide (2). There has been a number of public health intervention campaigns aimed at curbing the menaceof obesity in society. However, they have failed to provide suitable solutions and there have been neglible changes in the society as a result of this. The existing intervention procedures are not so successful in reducing the symptoms of obese individuals. The goal of formulating intervention measures for the purpose of curbing obesity is important. The primary purpose of treating obesity is the reduction of morbidities caused due to cardiovascular diseases, cancers, type II diabetes and other related health issues (3). The international health organizations are trying hard to reduce the global mortality rate. The second goal of formulating the intervention measures is to reduce the increasing expense of healthcare facilities. The total healthcare costs associated with the treatment of obesity related disorders is around 3.2% of the overall medical costs (1). The third goal is to promote optimum health as well as well-being of the society, which is one of the most fundamental principles of World Health Organization (WHO) (4). Obesity- Component of Public Health The medical condition concerning the excessive body fat accumulation that may have negative impacts on the individuals health is known as obesity (5). The body mass index is the tool used for measuring whether the person is overweight or obese. There is an increasing incidence of obesity in the young population (6). The obesity has a direct connection with several chronic diseases. The chronic disease has negative impact on the health of an individual as well as the sustainability of the overall health care system. The International Health Organizations has implemented multi component interventions in order to reduce the instances of obesity (7). It involves a combination of environmental, educational as well as behavioural activities which improve the health conditions of the people. There can be various forms of activities such as aerobic training, exercise schedules, nutrition education and others (8). It is expected that the multi component intervention would increase the physica l activity of the participants as well as improve their weight issues. The issue of obesity has several health implications for the society, which impacts the health of an individual in a negative manner (9). There has been increase in the childhood obesity as well as adult obesity rates. The average children are no more considered healthy. They demonstrate high BMI level, which is a clear indication of obesity. The prevalence of obesity has doubled in the children who are less than 5 years of age (10). The issue of obesity has tripled among the teenagers. This is due to the unhealthy lifestyle and the increased dietary changes. They do not realise the health hazards of obesity, which they can face in the later stages of life. The increase in weight is due to the combination of several factors working together. The food intake, metabolism, surrounding environment, family values and others can significantly affect the excess weight gain of an individual (11). These factors have contributed to the fact that the issue of obesity is multifactorial in nature which can be solved with a combination of different approaches. Causes of Obesity There is an increasing tendency of obesity among the urban population. The youths as well as the working professionals are increasingly getting inclined to junk foods (12). There is an increased visit to the various shopping malls and restaurants which serve a wide variety of junk food that have no nutritional value. Instead, they propagate messages that encourage individuals to eat as well as drink as much as they can. The options of eating are not only limited to restaurants but are also popular in unusual places such as petrol pumps or railway stations. There is also an increase in the average food portions which increase the calorie intake of an individual (13). This indicates that there is a modification in the eating habits of people as compared to the earlier times. This phenomenon is particularly observed in urban areas where there is huge number of food alternatives available (14). There is an increased consumption of carbohydrate based foods which are high in the fat conten t. The pattern of food intake is not the sole causes of obesity. The lack of physical activity is one of the primary causes of obesity (15). The modern age is characterised by a sedentary lifestyle which implies that the individuals lack energy balance. The calorie intake from foods should be equivalent to the energy loss due to physical activities (16). There is a changed mode of transportation which is a direct result of growing urbanization. The inactive lifestyle contributes to binge eating which is directly related to the symptoms of overweight and obesity. The lifestyle changes have contributed to the increase in the weight of individuals (17). People prefer to take their cars instead of walking down their nearest supermarkets. In the professional environment, there is less dependence on physical engagements due to the increased advancement of modern technology. The environmental factors are also a major contributor towards obese individuals (18). The lack of neighborhood spaces, long working hours, stressful lives, lack of time management, lack of availability of healthy foods and others contribute to the medical condition of obesity. The genes and the family history also have powerful influence on the weight of a person. The obesity can also be due to hormonal imbalances such as hypothyroidism, polycystic ovarian syndrome and others (19). There are certain medicines such as seizure medicines, antidepressants and corticosteroids, which can cause excessive weight gain. Consequences of obesity The incidence of obesity has certain implications on the health and well-being of the concerned individual. There is an increased risk of non-communicable ailments like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorder and some various forms of cancer (20). The stroke and the heart ailments are the major form of the cardiovascular disease which is a leading cause of death in both the developing nations as well as developed nations (21). The musculoskeletal diseases comprise of osteoarthritis which is considered as the degenerative disease of the joints. The obese people are prone to various types of cancers such as breast, prostate, liver, colon and others (22). The obesity during childhood can be attributed to premature death or can lead to higher chances of disability during adulthood. The obese children are also characterised by breathing issues, hypertension, insulin resistance, high probability of fractures and others. The phenomenon of obesity has all round effect on the individual concerning physical, social and psychological (23). The physical implications are described in the earlier section. The psychological effects include the anxiety, depression, low quality of life, poor self-esteem and dissatisfaction regarding the body (24). The obese people usually suffer from lack of self-confidence as they consider them unfit for the society. They are often victims of abuse or bullying, which impacts their state of mind. The low self-esteem affects the professional life of the individuals as they are unable to concentrate on their work. There are social effects on the individuals such as less number of acquaintance, less employment options, lack of educational qualifications, less salary, less possibility of marriage and more tendency to commit suicide (25). The overall dissatisfaction from the life of an obese person is reflected in the emotional state of mind and they feel awkward to mix with people . This hampers their social life to a great extent. The developing countries are facing a double burden of disease (1). The issue of malnutrition as well as infectious diseases are common, however, there is a steep increase in the non-communicable diseases as well (26). In urban scenario, the incidences of overweight and obesity are increasing. The issue of obesity is observed in females also and it becomes critical once they become pregnant (27). They can suffer from high risk pregnancy that can affect the life of both the mother and the baby. Development of new anti-obesity program There is a global emphasis on the prevention of obesity (27). A great emphasis is laid on the people who belong to normal weight range so that they do not enter the stages of obesity. There are treatments for reducing the increased instances of obesity, however, there is little success rates of these intervention program. This is due to the fact that the issue of obesity has already attained epidemic levels. As there are a number of intrinsic factors that lead to some form of obesity, it has become difficult to promote healthy living of the individuals. They are unable to restrain from junk foods or they fail to implement an active lifestyle, which has led to the failure of the obesity intervention programs. This has driven the need of creating a population based intervention program for decreasing the prevalence of overweight as well as obesity. They are complementary to the strategies that aim to reduce obesity from clinical point of view. It is important to develop a new intervent ion program that aims the obese individuals by creating social pressures on them. All individuals are social beings who would be offended if someone targets them publicly. A person would not be eager to share his personal details regarding obesity in front of everyone. This activity would involve a national social advertising campaign that would involve a coordinated strategy aimed for the reduction of obesity. This new strategy would differentiate policy and environmental aspects of obesity intervention. This approach would identify the individual weight targets in a given time limit. This new approach would also identify the relevant interventions regarding controlling the phenomenon of obesity. This is an evidence based intervention that takes into consideration the social as well as psychological constituents of an individual (28). Implementation of the new unconventional approach The intervention campaign would involve the obese individuals and making them answer some uncomfortable questions which would be related to the obesity. There would be different questions such as how they perceive their look, difficulty in physical activities, discrimination faced by them, bullying or other loss of dignity and similar instances. When the participants would be bombarded with such awkward questions, they would feel insulted in giving the answers in a public platform. This insult would help them to give due importance to their condition of obesity. This would foster a zeal to reduce their weight so that they would not be embarrassed publicly regarding their body weight. This new intervention aims to address the psychological framework of the obese people. Provisional conclusion Obesity is considered to be one of the most common non communicable diseases in the modern world (29). This is a particular medical condition in which there is excessive accumulation of fat deposits in the body. The obesity has severe health implications for the individuals and it has severe consequences on the health and well being of the individuals. There are various causes of obesity which is a common phenomenon in the urban population. There are various causes of obesity such as excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, environmental factors, hormonal imbalances and use of certain medicines (30). There are severe consequences of obesity such as physical, psychological and social. There can be stroke, cardiovascular diseases and other physical ailments. There can be abuse or lack of self confidence of the obese individuals. The obese individuals can also suffer from social effects such as lack of educational qualifications and lack of ability to get a good job. There have been several interventions in the past that concern about reducing the instances of obesity. However, these interventions have not failed to address the issue of obesity. There have not been sufficient changes in the community which help in controlling the weight gain of the individuals. This has led to the development of a new anti obesity intervention program that uses an innovative approach to target the obese population. The implementation part of the new intervention program should be done carefully. The central idea of this new approach is to make the obese participants aware of their weight by asking them embarrassing questions in the public. This new approach is expected to solve the issue of obesity to a great extent. Counterarguments The new approach may not be effective in reducing the instances of obesity. This can be due to several reasons- Reduced psychological effects The participants may belong to a different psychological class in which they may not be impacted by the uncomfortable questions. There can be individuals who are least bothered about these types of questions. They may continue to adopt unhealthy lifestyle and may not take any effort to reduce their weight. Busy in their schedules The participants may be too busy in their personal life or professional life and they may not respond to the unusual questionnaire. If the participants are not exposed to this type of questionnaire, then there would be no effect on the participants. This would lead to the failure of this type of intervention mechanism. Negative belief The participants may provoke a negative feeling about this particular obesity intervention program. They may feel that this method is not correct and this new strategy of asking personal questions is not right. They may be insulted if they are asked sensitive questions in the public. Conclusion The development of a new intervention program for addressing the issue of obesity is essential. In the past, the obesity intervention measure has not been successful due to the intensity of the issue. This has led to the formulation of a new strategy that targets the obese individuals in the psychological level. This strategy would be implemented in multiple setting so that there is maximum impact of the same. However, the success of this strategy in reducing the obesity of the individuals is doubtful. There can be several issues which may hinder the success rate of the intervention program. The participants may not have any psychological effect due to the uncomfortable questions. They may be too busy in their daily life. There can be the induction of a negative belief with respect to this particular type of intervention program. The new strategy should be conducted in such a manner so that the counterarguments can be resolved. This strategy must be introduced in a decent manner whic h would make the most impact. 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